Curious about the Virunga volcanoes in Virunga National Park, Congo? This is a detailed overview of the magnificent Virunga Mountains in the nation!

The Virunga Mountains, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are a volcanic range spanning Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, comprising 8 major volcanic ranges located in the area between Lake Edward (central sector) and Lake Kivu near the Great East African Rift Valley.

They were first noticed by a British explorer called John Hannington Speke from a distance in 1861, and another British explorer called Sir Henry Morton Stanley.

Virunga Park, established in 1925 as Africa’s oldest national park, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Eastern Congo / Eastern Central Africa (placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 1994), boasting exceptional biodiversity with over 3,000 species, including mountain gorillas, eastern chimpanzee in the northern sector, and golden monkeys, across its 8,090 km² of diverse habitats (dense forests) and two active volcanoes found in the park boundaries.

Part of the Virungas (6) are found partially or in the DR Congo, with some of them (4) perched in Virunga National Park boundaries, including active Mount Nyiragongo (which has erupted ~34 times since 1882), Mount Nyamuragira, dormant Mount Sabinyo, and Mount Mikeno.

The central sector of the Virunga Mountains range is a protected area renowned for its biodiversity and endangered mountain gorillas and golden monkeys and the northern sector, including North Kivu’s northern shore, boasts diverse landscapes and ecosystems, which visitors come from near and far to explore on guided hikes, mountain gorilla trekking, and birdwatching, while interacting with the local communities of the Batwa and pygmies.

They offer a unique experience for adventure-seekers and nature enthusiasts, with opportunities to spot mountain gorillas (one of the biggest species of the great apes) on the slopes of dormant volcanoes like Mount Mikeno.

However, Virungas face pressing threats from deforestation, habitat fragmentation, climate change, and the armed conflict caused by armed groups or rebel groups in east Central Africa, which imperil biodiversity, water resources, and local people or human well-being, highlighting the urgent need for collaborative nature conservation and sustainable park management to safeguard the long-term survival of the mountain gorilla and this protected area’s future/unique biodiversity.

The list of the Virunga Mountains in Virunga National Park is covered below.

 Mount Nyiragongo

Located in the southern sector of Virunga Park (Albert National Park), a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kibumba in eastern Congo, Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano standing 3,470 meters tall.

With 34 eruptions since 1882, it’s known for its highly fluid and fast-moving lava, reaching speeds of up to 100 km/h, posing a significant threat to nearby cities like Goma, devastated in 2002.

Despite the risks, Nyiragongo in the southern sector of Parc Virunga, one of the protected areas in Congo attracts adventurous travelers and volcanologists, drawn to its unique geological features, including a 1.2 km wide lava lake (world’s largest lava lake), a breathtaking sight among other attractions like the unique volcanic landscapes (volcanic /cinder cones and ash), diverse flora and fauna, with opportunities to spot mountain gorillas and golden monkeys.

Experience Nyiragongo through hiking (Climbing Nyiragongo Volcano permits cost $300 per person), birdwatching, and geological exploration. For the best views, hike to the summit and witness the lava lake at night.

When visiting or climbing Nyiragongo Volcano, visitors can choose from various lodging options, including hotels in Goma Town, basic lodges in Kibata Village, camping sites, Virunga National Park lodges, and climbing huts, and it’s recommended to book in advance and pack essentials like a sleeping bag.

Visit during the dry season (June to September and December to February) for favorable weather conditions.

Guided tours are strongly recommended for safety and to fully appreciate the mountain’s attractions.

 Mount Nyamuragira

Mount Nyamuragira, whose name means ‘mountain that emits smoke’ in Kinyarwanda, is an active volcano in Parc Virunga (Albert National Park), the eastern part of DR Congo, and one of the protected areas in the country.

Standing at 3,058 meters, it’s known for its frequent eruptions, with over 40 occurrences since 1885, making it one of Africa’s most active volcanoes.

Located 25 kilometers north of Lake Kivu, Nyamuragira has a history of summit and flank eruptions, forming new volcanoes and lava flows that have reached as far as Lake Kivu. Recent eruptions include 2010, 2011, and 2021.

Nyamuragira features a 2.3 km wide caldera with an active lava lake, surrounded by rift walls up to 100 meters high. Its eruptions are characterized by lava fountains and pyroclastic flows, producing long lava flows.

While not open for hiking due to security concerns, Nyamuragira is a popular destination for volcanologists and researchers. Its eruptions offer breathtaking displays of fire and lava.

When visiting Nyamuragira Volcano, consider staying in nearby Goma Town at hotels like Hotel Virunga, Hotel Nyiragongo, or Lake Kivu Hotel, or opt for lodges like Mikeno Lodge, Buika Tented Camp, Kibumba Tented Camp, or Lac Kivu Lodge with tranquil settings and scenic views.

The best time to explore the Virunga mountains, including nearby Nyiragongo, is during the dry seasons (December to February and June to September).

Visit DR Congo Parc Virunga today and view this volcano, offering remarkable views on safaris in Congo.

 Mount Mikeno (A Popular Spot for Mountain Gorilla)

Located in Parc Virunga, the eastern part of DR Congo, Mount Mikeno is an extinct volcanic mountain standing 4,437 meters tall, making it the second-highest peak in the Virunga Mountains.

Its name, “Mikeno,” means “poor” due to its harsh, uninhabitable slopes.

Formed during the Pleistocene epoch, Mikeno is one of the oldest volcanoes in the Virunga massif range.

Its steep slopes and unique ecosystems support diverse wildlife, including critically endangered species of mountain gorillas (a great ape species) and various bird species like the yellow-crested helmet shrike.

With expeditions typically starting from the Bukima Patrol Post, travelers can visit Mikeno for mountain gorilla safaris, birdwatching, and hiking on the lower slopes, but must be prepared for challenging terrain and unpredictable weather.

The mountain’s diverse ecosystems and unique vegetation make it an important destination for scientific research.

Consider staying at nearby lodges like Mikeno Lodge or other options in Goma Town, such as Hotel Virunga or Lake Kivu Hotel, among others, for memorable Congo safari experiences.

The best time to visit Mikeno is during the dry seasons (June to September and December to February) when weather conditions are favorable.

Guided tours are strongly recommended for a safe and enriching safari experience.

 Mount Sabyinyo in Virunga National Park Congo, Volcanoes National Park Rwanda & Mgahinga Gorilla National Park Uganda

Located in the Virungas, Mount Sabyinyo (Mount Sabinyo) is an extinct volcano standing at 3,669 meters above sea level.

It marks the intersection of the borders of Uganda (Mgahinga Gorilla National Park), Rwanda (Parc National des Volcans), and DR Congo (Parc Virunga).

Sabyinyo, meaning “old man’s teeth” in Kinyarwanda, is named for its serrated summit resembling an old person’s worn teeth.

As the oldest volcano in the Virunga range, it was formed around 3.2-2.6 million years ago.

The mountain’s slopes are home to critically endangered species of mountain gorillas (a great ape species found in East Africa and Eastern Central Africa), forest elephants, and buffalo.

Visitors can hike to the summit (preferably from the Ugandan side, using wooden ladders and stairs to navigate steep ridges), exploring bamboo forests, Hagenia Hypericum forests, and sub-Alpine zones with unique opportunities to spot wildlife.

Consider staying in nearby Virunga Lodges like Mikeno Lodge or Hotel Virunga offer comfortable accommodation, or Mgahinga Gorilla National Park lodges in Uganda or Volcanoes National Park lodges in Rwanda when exploring this mountain.

The best time to visit Mount Sabyinyo (Mount Sabinyo) is during the dry seasons (June to September and December to February) when weather conditions are favorable.

Guided tours are strongly recommended for a safe and enriching Congo safari trip experience.

Other Virungas in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda & Uganda

These listed below are some of the other Virungas in the Virunga massif.

1)    Mount Karisimbi in Rwanda & DR Congo

Located in the Virungas, Mount Karisimbi is a dormant volcano standing at 4,507 meters above sea level (the highest mountain in the Virunga Mountain Range), marking the border between Rwanda and the DR Congo.

Karisimbi, meaning “white shell” in Kinyarwanda, is named for its snow-capped peak visible during the dry season.

The mountain has a rich history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Pleistocene era. It has no crater at the top!

The mountain is home to diverse wildlife, including mountain gorillas, golden monkeys, and exotic plants, among other attractions, including the Karisoke Research Center, established by Dian Fossey, to learn about mountain gorilla conservation (a great ape species).

Visitors can hike to the summit (Mount Karisimbi hike) for about two days, taking in dramatic views of Nyiragongo and exploring the unique ecosystem, i.e., the four vegetation zones, from dense tropical forests to bare volcanic rock surfaces.

When visiting Mount Karisimbi, consider staying in nearby Rwanda Volcanoes or Virunga National Parks in the DR Congo, lodges like Karisoke Lodge or Hotel Virunga, offering comfortable accommodations.

The best time to visit Mount Karisimbi is during the dry seasons (June to August and December to February) when weather conditions are favorable.

Guided Karisimbi volcano tours are recommended for a safe and enriching safari experience.

2)    Mount Bisoke (Visoke) in Rwanda

Mount Bisoke is an active volcano in the Virunga Mountains, part of the western branch of the East African Rift, standing at 3,711 meters above sea level.

It straddles the border of Rwanda and the DR Congo, with its summit located in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park, approximately 35 km northeast of Goma and Kivu Lake.

Bisoke Mountain has a history of volcanic eruptions, with the most recent one occurring in 1957.

The Visoke mountain is known for its stunning crater lake, surrounded by alpine flowers and plants, and its diverse flora and fauna, including mountain gorillas and golden monkeys, among other fauna and attractions like the Dian Fossey Grave.

Visitors can go for a Bisoke hike to the summit, exploring the unique ecosystems, spotting rare bird species like the lammergeyer and gorillas, and visiting the Dian Fossey Tomb.

When visiting Bisoke Volcano, consider staying in nearby Rwanda Volcanoes National Park lodges offering comfortable accommodation.

The best time to visit Mount Bisoke is during the dry seasons (June to August and December to February) when weather conditions are favorable.

Book Bisoke volcano tours for a safe and enriching safari experience.

3)    Mount Gahinga in Uganda | Mount Mgahinga in Rwanda (Home to a Significant World Population of Endangered Mountain Gorillas)

Mount Gahinga (Mount Mgahinga) is a dormant volcano in the Virungas, straddling the border of Rwanda and Uganda, and situated within Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda and Parc National des Volcans in Rwanda.

It stands at 3,474 meters and is part of the Mufumbiro range.

The mountain has a swampy caldera on its peak, approximately 180 meters wide, and is covered in afro-montane vegetation and bamboo forests. It’s home to endangered mountain gorillas, golden monkey species, and various bird species.

The name “Gahinga” means “pile of stones” in Kinyarwanda, derived from the many stones washed down to people’s farms, as well as the mountain’s shape resembles a pile of stones, adding to its mystique.

Some of the top tourist activities to do when at this mountain include hiking to the summit, exploring the unique ecosystems, spotting wildlife, mountain gorilla tracking, and golden monkey trekking, among others

When visiting this volcano, consider staying in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda or nearby lodges like Mount Gahinga Lodge, offering comfortable accommodations and spectacular views.

The best time to visit Mount Gahinga is during the dry seasons (June to August and December to February) when weather conditions are favorable.

Book guided hiking tours for a safe and enriching trip experience.

4)    Mount Muhabura in Rwanda | Mount Muhavura in Uganda

Mount Muhabura (Mount Muhavura) is an inactive volcano in the Virunga Mountains, located on the border of Rwanda and Uganda, within Parc National des Volcans in Rwanda and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda.

It stands at 4,127 meters above sea level, making it the third-highest peak in the Virungas.

Mount Muhabura (Mount Muhavura) has a small crater lake at its summit and steep slopes with a variety of flora and fauna, including endangered mountain gorillas and bird species like the Rwenzori turaco.

The name “Muhabura” means “The Guide” in Kinyarwanda, as the mountain’s peak can be seen from many miles away, serving as a navigation point.

Some of the top safari activities to do at this volcano include hiking to the summit (6-8 hours), exploring the unique ecosystems/landscapes (Lake Edward and Lake George, and the Rwenzori Mountains), spotting wildlife like golden monkeys, forest elephants, and mountain gorillas for lasting memories.

When visiting Mount Muhabura (Mount Muhavura), consider staying in nearby Parc National des Volcans or Mgahinga Gorilla National Park lodges like Gahinga Lodge or Kinigi Guest House, offering comfortable accommodations.

The best time to visit Mount Muhabura (Mount Muhavura) is during the dry seasons (June to August and December to February) when weather conditions are favorable.

Book guided Mount Muhabura (Mount Muhavura) volcano tours for maximized safari experiences!

Top-Rated Virunga National Park Accommodation | Where to Stay When Visiting the Virungas in Virunga Park, Congo Safari?

Parc Virunga, one of the renowned national parks in Congo, offers a range of accommodations to suit all budgets, from luxury lodges to tented camps, ensuring a comfortable and memorable stay during your Congo safari to the Virungas, and they include.

For a customized Congo safari package, contact a reputable safari operator to handle logistics and accommodation.

 Safari Africa Prices for Visiting the Virungas in Parc Virunga

Visiting the Virungas in Parc Virunga involves hiking and trekking costs that vary depending on the mountain and location.

These are the costs associated with visiting each mountain:

1. Nyiragongo Hike costs

• Hiking permit is ~ $300 per person per trek, including guide fee
• Optional $100 addition for a cook/meal, sleeping bags, and bottled water
• Duration of hike is about 2 days with an overnight stay in climbing huts/shelters
• Porter Hire is ~ $25 per 33-pound bag
• Nyiragongo Hike Backpack goes for ~ $100 (includes gear and food)

2. Nyamuragira Rates

• Hiking permit goes for ~ $300 per person per trek
• Hiking Duration is 5-6 hours to reach the summit

3. Mount Mikeno Costs

• Volcano hiking permit, costing $300 per person per trek
• Hiking Duration is about 5-6 hours to reach the summit

4. Mount Sabyinyo Fees

• Hiking permit (from Uganda): $75 per person per hike, including guide fee
• Can be hiked from three countries: Uganda, Rwanda, and the DR Congo

NB

1)      Virunga Volcano hiking permits can be obtained through a trusted local tour operator or the Parc Virunga offices

2)      Prices may vary depending on the season, with potential discounts during the rainy season (March to May and October to November)

3)      Keep in mind that costs for meals, camping equipment, and porter fees are typically not included in the hiking permit prices.

It’s recommended to plan accordingly, check with local tour operators or Parc Virunga offices for the most up-to-date pricing, and prepare for variable weather conditions

 How To Get to Parc Virunga to See the Virunga Mountains?

Listed below are some of the ways to get to Parc Virunga to see the remarkable Virungas for memorable safari experiences on the African continent.

1. Congo Route

Fly to Goma International Airport (GOM) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. From Goma town, take a vehicle arranged by the park or hire a driver to reach the park’s entrance. This option is challenging and less recommended; it’s best to use the other available options below.

2. Rwanda-Congo Route

Fly to Kigali International Airport (KGL) in Rwanda. Drive 2-4 hours to Gisenyi, cross the border with a pre-arranged visa and yellow fever card, and meet a park ranger or guide from the Virunga Foundation. They will take you to the park headquarters at Bukima and facilitate your trip.

3. Uganda-Congo Route

Fly to Entebbe International Airport (EBB) in Uganda. Drive 8 hours to the Bunagana border, cross with a pre-arranged visa and yellow fever card, and meet a park ranger or guide from the Virunga Foundation. They will guide you to the Bukima Park headquarters and facilitate your trip.

Choose from any of the above options to travel to Congo Parc Virunga and get clear glimpses of the Virungas!

Best Time to Visit the Virunga Mountains in Virunga National Park, Congo

The best time to visit the Virungas in Parc Virunga is during the dry seasons (June to September and December to February).

These months offer favorable conditions, with less rainfall, thinner vegetation, and easier access to trails perfect for partaking in Virunga Mountain safari activities, e.g., for mountain gorilla trekking, hiking, etc.

Expect larger crowds and higher prices during this peak tourist season; therefore, if looking for budget or low-cost safaris, consider visiting during the wet season (March to May and October to November) for discounted rates, but be prepared for muddy and slippery trails.

Contact a reputable Congo tour operator to customize the best safari package for you to see the Virungas in Parc Virunga!

 Congo Wear for Virunga Mountains Safari in Virunga Park | What to Wear for Congo Safaris at The Virunga Mountains in Virunga Park?

When heading for a Virunga mountains safari in Parc Virunga, it’s essential to wear or carry some of these comfortable and warm clothes, e.g.

 Tips

• Prioritize comfort, practicality, and durability.
• Be mindful of cultural sensitivity.
• Prepare for varying temperatures and rain.

Bring these essential and warm clothing items for a comfortable and enjoyable safari experience.

 Packing List for Virunga Mountains Safari in Virunga Park

For a memorable and safe trip to Virunga Park to see the Virungas, pack these essentials:

Tips for Packing

• Pack light and prioritize personal essentials.
• Use packing cubes to maximize space.
• Check the weather forecast and pack accordingly.
• Consider the activities you’ll be doing and pack suitable clothing.

Seek advice from a trusted tour operator on what to pack to avoid carrying excess luggage and incurring additional costs!

 The Virungas in Virunga National Park FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. Is Congo Safe to Visit? 

Congo can be safe to visit with proper planning, guidance, and precautions. It’s essential to stay informed about local conditions, follow travel advisories, and work with reputable tour operators.

2. Is Virunga National Park Safe to Visit?

Virunga Park can be safe to visit with proper guidance and precautions. The park has experienced Virunga National Park rangers and guides who ensure visitor safety.

It’s recommended to book your Congo safaris with trusted Congo tour operators and follow park rules.

3. What Are the Virungas? |Which Mountains Form the Virunga Ranges?

The Virungas are a chain of eight volcanoes in Virunga National Park, Parc National des Volcans, and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, spanning across the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Rwanda, namely Nyiragongo, Nyamuragira, Mikeno, Karisimbi, Muhabura, Gahinga, Bisoke, and Sabyinyo.

4. Do I Need a Permit to Hike the Virungas?

Yes, a hiking permit is required for hiking and trekking activities in the Virunga Mountains, obtainable through a trusted tour operator or the Virunga Park authorities.

5. Are The Virungas Safe to Visit?

The Virungas on the African continent can be visited safely with proper guidance and precautions. However, be prepared for variable weather, wear suitable clothing and footwear, and follow the guide’s instructions.

6. How Many Volcanoes Are in Virunga National Park? | Which Virunga Mountains Are in Virunga National Park?

Four Virunga volcanoes are found in Virunga Park, including Nyiragongo Volcano, Sabyinyo, Mikeno, and Nyamuragira.

7. What Is the Meaning of Virunga in English?

The word Virunga means “volcanoes” in the Kinyarwanda language/dialect.

8. Are The Virungas Active?

Not all Virungas are active; only two volcanoes, Mount Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira, are active with registered volcanic activity in the Virunga region.

9. What Are the Three Mountain Ranges in Congo?

The three mountain ranges in Congo are the Rwenzori Mountains, Mitumba Mountains, and Virunga Mountains.

10. Do You Need a Visa to Go to Congo?

To visit the Democratic Republic of the Congo, travelers typically need a visa and a valid passport. However, citizens of East African countries are exempt from visa requirements and can enter Congo without a visa to explore its various national parks and reserves.

The Virunga Mountains in Virunga National Park offer breathtaking landscapes, the rich diversity of fauna, and adventure opportunities such as hiking to see mountain gorillas or summiting Nyiragongo Volcano, witnessing the world’s largest lava lake, which portrays Africa’s unparalleled natural beauty in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Contact us, your reputable Congo tour operator, for customised safari packages to see these towering Virungas!